Shiah Coore

Shiah Coore is covered here in 6 connected parts: Shiah Coore, Shiah: key facts and timeline, Culture and traditions of Shiah, Shiah in the Philippines, Twelve Imams, Al-Allama al-Hilli.

Shiah Coore

Shiah Coore (born 20 August 1979) is a Jamaican musician and record producer. He was born in Kingston, Jamaica.^[1]

Biography

Shiah Coore, firstborn to musician Cat Coore (Third World) and artisan Donna Feltis-Coore (Ital Craft), was born in Kingston Jamaica, 1979. As one of a handful of children belonging to the island's reggae-elite, Shiah Coore was raised in the music industry. He showed interest for music early in life, performing living room shows with Damian Marley at the age of six.^[1]

Other sources

2009, Oxford University Press, The Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Colin Larkin^[1]

Related: Shiah: key facts and timeline · Culture and traditions of Shiah · Shiah in the Philippines

External references: ^[1][2][3]

Shiah: key facts and timeline

Etymology

The word Shia (or Shīʿa; ; Arabic: شِّيْعَة) is derived from shīʿatu ʿAlī (شِّيْعَة عَلِيّ, 'followers of Ali'). An adherent is called a Shi'i (Shīʿī; Arabic: شيعيّ; pl. shīʿiyyūn; Arabic: شيعيون). In Arabic, "Shīʿa" means followers and supporters; the term derives from al-shiyāʿ and al-mushāyaʿa, which convey the meanings of following, supporting, and obedience.^[4]

History

The original Shia identity referred to the followers of Imam ʿAlī, and Shia theology was formulated after the hijra (7th century CE). The first Shia governments and societies were established by the end of the 9th century. The 10th century has been referred to by the scholar of Islamic studies Louis Massignon as "the Shiite Ismaili century in the history of Islam".^[4]

Origins

The Shia, originally known as the "partisans" of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, Muhammad's cousin and Fatima's husband, first emerged as a distinct movement composed of those fiercely loyal to him during the First Fitna (656–661). Shia doctrine is founded on the understanding that ʿAlī was uniquely designated to lead the Muslim community after Muhammad's death in 632. While the origins of Shia Islam remain a subject of scholarly debate, many Western historians have attempted to characterize early Shia Islam merely as a political faction rather than a religious movement, while others recognize this framework as an anachronistic imposition of the Western separation of religion and politics.^[4]

Related: Shiah Coore · Culture and traditions of Shiah · Shiah in the Philippines

External references: ^[4][5][6]

Culture and traditions of Shiah

Beliefs

Shia Islam encompasses various denominations and subgroups, all bound by the belief that the leader of the Muslim community (Ummah) should hail from the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It embodies a completely independent system of religious interpretation and political authority in the Muslim world.^[4]

Related: Shiah Coore · Shiah: key facts and timeline · Shiah in the Philippines

External references: ^[4][7][8]

Shiah in the Philippines

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Related: Shiah Coore · Shiah: key facts and timeline · Culture and traditions of Shiah

Twelve Imams

The Twelve Imams (Arabic: ٱلْأَئِمَّة ٱلْٱثْنَا عَشَر, al-ʾAʾimmah al-ʾIthnā ʿAšar; Persian: دوازده امام, Davâzdah Emâm) are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, including that of the Alawite and Alevi. According to Twelver theology, the Twelve Imams are exemplary human individuals who not only rule over the community with justice, but also are able to keep and interpret sharia and the esoteric meaning of the Quran. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the imams are a guide and model for the community to follow; as a result, they must be free from error and sin (known as ismah, or infallibility) and must be chosen by divine decree through Muhammad.^[9]

Imamah

It is believed in Twelver Shi’ism that the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his household are infallible, possessing Hikmah. Their oppression and suffering served greater purposes and were a means of divine grace to their devotees. The Imams are also guided by preserved texts in their possession, such as al-Jafr, al-Jamia, and unaltered past books the Torah and Gospel.^[9]

Related: Shiah Coore · Shiah: key facts and timeline · Culture and traditions of Shiah

External references: ^[9][10][11]

Al-Allama al-Hilli

Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Ḥasan ibn Yūsuf ibn ʿAli ibn al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī (Arabic: جمال الدين الحسن بن يوسف بن علي بن مطهّر الحلي; December 1250 – December 1325), commonly known as al-Allāmah al-Ḥillī (Arabic: العلامة الحلي, "The Sage of Hillah"), was a Twelver Shi'a Muslim scholar and theologian of Iraqi Arab descent. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential Twelver Shi'i scholars of his time. He was a leading Twelver theologian and an influential early mujtahid in Shiʿi jurisprudence.^[12]

Life

Al-Hilli was born in Hillah, Iraq. He became known as ‘al-ʿAllāma’ (the great scholar) due to his influence in establishing the city as the center of Shia Islam while Sunni leaders maintained control over Baghdad. He was born into a prominent family of Shia jurists and theologians.^[12]

Intellectual output

According to some sources, Al-Hilli wrote more than a thousand works (including short treatises and epistles) on Islamic law, jurisprudence, theology, and tafsir (Qur'anic commentary). Of these, about sixty are still extant, and only eight have been published. They are "regarded by the Imami Shi'ia as the most authentic expositions of their dogma and practice".^[12]

Theology

Demonstrated by his earliest writing on theology, Manhaj ul-Yaqin fi Usul il-Din, Al-Hilli was acquainted with the Basran school of Mu'tazilism. He was deeply influenced by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and wrote a commentary on the latter's famous Tajrid ul-I'tiqad. This commentary is one of al-Hilli's most widely read works, serving as the first commentary written on the Tajrid and forming the basis of later commentators' understanding of Tusi's text.^[12]

Jurisprudence

Al-Hilli's role in shaping Twelver principles of Islamic jurisprudence is significant. He produced a voluminous legal corpus alongside several foundational commentaries. Two of his most important works are al-Mukhtalaf ("The Disagreement") and al-Muntaha ("The End").^[12]

Works

One of his works on the concept of the Shia Imamate (Minhaj al-karamah) was criticized by the Sunni scholar Ibn Taymiyyah in his nine-volume work Minhaaj As-Sunnah An-Nabawiyyah. Besides various treatises on religious law, 'Allamah established a systematic version of the science of tradition (hadith and akhbar), based on principles which were later to antagonize the usuliyun and the akhbariyun. In the kalam tradition, he left a commentary on one of the first treatises written by one of the oldest Imamite mutakallimun, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al Nawbakhti.^[12]

Kashf al-Yaqin fi Faḍā'il Amīr al-Mu'minīn

Kashf al-Yaqīn or Kashf al-Yaqīn fi Faḍā'il Amīr al-Mu'minīn (Arabic: کشف الیقین, lit. "Certainty Uncovered") recounts the life of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first Imam according to Shia belief and the fourth Caliph according to Sunni belief. It draws upon both Sunni and Shia sources and attempts to provide a theological and historical perspective on Ali's role in early Islamic history.^[12]

Minhaj al-Karamah

Minhaj al-Karamah fi Ma'rifat al-Imamah ("The Miraculous Way of Knowledge of the Imamate"), also known as Minhāj al-Istikāmah fī Isbātu al-Imamah, is a theological treatise. Al-Hilli wrote his book for the sake of defending the Imamah.^[12]

Nahj al-Haqq wa Kashf al-Sidq

Nahj al-Haqq wa Kashf al-Sidq (Arabic: نهج الحق وكشف الصدق – "Way of Rightness and Discovering Truth") presented claims that Sunnism was at odds with the Quran and that Shiism was the correct interpretation of Islam.^[12]

Tadhkirat al-Fuqahā

Tadhkirat al-Fuqahā (Memorandum for Jurists) is a book on Shiite jurisprudence, written at the request of Allamah Al-Hilli's son, Fakhr Al Muhaqqiq.^[12]

Related: Shiah Coore · Shiah: key facts and timeline · Culture and traditions of Shiah

External references: ^[12][13][14]