Poona Bayabao

Poona Bayabao is covered here in 6 connected parts: Poona Bayabao, Lanao del Sur, List of current indigenous Bangsamoro royal title holders, 2016 Lanao del Sur local elections, Confederate States of Lanao, Lanao del Sur's 1st congressional district.

Poona Bayabao

Poona Bayabao, officially the Municipality of Poona Bayabao (Maranao: Inged a Poona Bayabao; Tagalog: Bayan ng Poona Bayabao), is a municipality in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 33,307 people. It is formerly known as Gata.^[1]

History

On November 12, 1963, during election day, independent Liberal mayoral candidate Hadji Ibrahim Ompong Batuz was assassinated along with his son at the Gata Elementary School.^[1]

Barangays

Poona Bayabao is politically subdivided into 25 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.^[1]

Related: Lanao del Sur · List of current indigenous Bangsamoro royal title holders · 2016 Lanao del Sur local elections

External references: ^[1][2][3]

Lanao del Sur

Lanao del Sur (Filipino: Timog Lanao; Meranaw and Iranun: Pagabagatan Ranao; Jawi (Batang Arab): لاناو الجنوبى), officially the Province of Lanao del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The capital is the city of Marawi (the most populous in the province), and it borders Lanao del Norte to the north, Bukidnon to the east, and Maguindanao del Norte and Cotabato to the south. To the southwest lies Illana Bay, an arm of the Moro Gulf.^[4]

Etymology

"Lanao" means "lake", derived from ranao. The province, situated at basin of Lake Lanao, is known as the land of the "Maranaos" (which means "the "people of the lake").^[4]

Early history

Prior to the arrival of Islam, the region already had a sophisticated culture, as embodied in various Maranao epics, chants, and recorded history. The people of Lanao used to adhere to Hinduism, polytheist animism, and Buddhism. During this era, various cultural icons developed, such as the torogan, the singkil dance, the darangen epic, the unique Maranao gong and metal craft culture, the sarimanok, the okir motif, and an indigenous suyat script.^[4]

Spanish colonization

In April 1639, Spanish conquistador Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera conducted an expedition near Lanao along with troops consisting of Christianized Filipinos. In 1640, the Spanish created a garrison near Lanao but was attacked by indigenous Maranaos. In 1689, the Spaniards discovered a settlement named Dansalan at Lake Lanao's northern end.^[4]

Japanese occupation

In 1942, it was occupied by the Japanese Imperial Forces who landed in Southern Lanao. On May 2, 1942, the former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines José Abad Santos was killed by the Japanese Imperial forces in a firing squad at Malabang, Lanao del Sur. In 1945, the first of the liberation forces landed in Southern Lanao and liberated the area with United States, Philippine Commonwealth troops together with the Maranao guerrilla units.^[4]

Philippine independence

In 1956, Republic Act No. 1552 changed the name Dansalan to Marawi, taken from the word rawi, referring to the reclining lilies abundant in the Agus River.^[4]

Contemporary

The Battle of Marawi began and ended in 2017. The battle was against ISIL-affiliated militants, a number of which were Malaysian citizens. The battle destroyed most of the cityscape of Marawi and killed hundreds of civilians and Filipino soldiers.^[4]

Geography

Lanao del Sur is bounded on the north by Lanao del Norte, on the east by Bukidnon, on the west by Illana Bay, and on the south by Maguindanao del Norte and Cotabato. The landscape is dominated by rolling hills and valleys, placid lakes and rivers.^[4]

Demographics

The population of Lanao del Sur in the 2024 census was 1,368,137 people, with a density of 350 inhabitants per square kilometre or 910 inhabitants per square mile.^[4]

Religion

Most of the people of Lanao del Sur are practitioners of Islam. The majority of them are Sunni. The number of Muslims in this province is 1,131,726 or nearly 95% of the total population of the province of Lanao del Sur.^[4]

Related: Poona Bayabao · List of current indigenous Bangsamoro royal title holders · 2016 Lanao del Sur local elections

External references: ^[4][5][6]

List of current indigenous Bangsamoro royal title holders

This is a list of current title holders of the 16 royal houses of Lanao, the sultanates of Sulu, Maguindanao, and Tagoloan, and the royal sultanates alliances of the Confederate States of Lanao. Note that all of these hold no political power in the Philippines. Article VI, Section 31 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states that "no law granting a title of royalty or nobility shall be enacted," effectively prohibiting official state recognition of sultanates or hereditary titles across the archipelago.^[7]

Related: Poona Bayabao · Lanao del Sur · 2016 Lanao del Sur local elections · 1st Bangsamoro Parliament · Bangsamoro Federalist Party

External references: ^[7][8][9]

2016 Lanao del Sur local elections

Local elections were held in the province of Lanao del Sur on May 9, 2016, as part of the 2016 general election. Voters will select candidates for all local positions: a town mayor, vice mayor and town councilors, as well as members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, the vice-governor, governor and representatives for the two districts of Lanao del Sur.^[10]

Provincial elections

The candidates for governor and vice governor with the highest number of votes wins the seat; they are voted separately, therefore, they may be of different parties when elected. Incumbent Governor Mamintal Alonto Adiong Jr. and Vice Governor Arsad Maruhombsar are barred from seeking reelection since they are in their third term.^[10]

Background

The result of the election will determine if the Alonto-Adiong can still preserve their grip on the province. Incumbent Governor Adiong Jr. is barred to seek another term due to term limit, his brother First District Congressman Ansaruddin Alonto Adiong was expected by some of their allies to be his candidate. Meanwhile, Liberal Party (the governor's party) considered Governor Adiong's uncle-in-law Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines Pangalian Balindong to be the party's gubernatorial bet.^[10]

Governor

The gubernatorial race will be between Governor Adiong's mother former First Lady Bae Soraya Adiong of the Liberal Party, his long time ally and uncle-in-law Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines Pangalian Balindong, and the tough Marawi City Mayor Fahad "Pre" Salic of United Nationalist Alliance, and three others. But it is expected to be a three-way race between former First Lady Adiong, Deputy Speaker Balindong and City Mayor Salic.^[10]

Vice-governor

Incumbent Vice-governor Arsad Maruhombsar is barred to seek another term and decided to retire from politics. Governor Mamintal Alonto Adiong Jr. decided to be his mother's running mate of the Liberal Party to preserve their grip on the province. Meanwhile, Marantao Mayor Mohammadali Abinal is nominated as the United Nationalist Alliance Vice-Gubernatorial bet and also chosen by Deputy Speaker Balindong as his vice-governor candidate.^[10]

Related: Poona Bayabao · Lanao del Sur · List of current indigenous Bangsamoro royal title holders

External references: ^[10][11][12]

Confederate States of Lanao

The Confederate States of Lanao (Maranao: Pat a Pangampong sa Ranao, "Four States of Lanao") is a legislative confederation of the four Maranao states (pangampong) of Bayabao, Masiu, Unayan, and Balo-i centered around Lake Lanao in the center of the island of Mindanao, Philippines. This confederation is also sometimes inaccurately referred to as simply the Lanao Sultanate or Sultanate of Lanao. The Confederate States of Lanao, specifically its sultanates, still exists in modern-day Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte.^[13]

Pre-Islamic period

Before the Maranaos were invaded by the Sultanate of Maguindanao, it already existed as a separate nation. The Chinese chronicle Zhufan Zhi (諸蕃志) published in 1225, described it as a country southeast of Shahuagong (Sanmalan) in present-day Zamboanga City, a country called "Maluonu", of which this is what the chronicles have to say.^[13]

As part of the Maguindanao Sultanate

Eventually, the Lanao nation fell under the power of the Maguindanao Sultanate. The areas of Maguindanao and Lanao had embraced Islam, and Sultan Sharīf Kabunsuan, an Arab-Malay, introduced sultanate leadership to these regions. As he aged, Kabunsuan passed his title as sultan of Maguindanao to his son, Sharīf Makaalang, the first native Maranao sultan.^[13]

Conflict with Spain

Christianized Filipinos were used by the Spanish to invade the Maranao territory and other Muslim tribes in the Philippines. The Spanish colonial forces launched military and spiritual campaigns against the Maranao people at Lake Lanao. On April 4, 1639, Spanish conquistador Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera sent the first expedition, which included Spaniards and Boholano troops.^[13]

Decline and fall

The American colonizers gained control of the Philippines from Spain in two ways: first, through the Treaty of Paris in 1898, which cost twenty million US dollars, and second, through armed conquest that defeated both the Filipino people and the Moro people in Mindanao. The treaty was a political agreement after the U.S. conquered Spain in the Spanish-American War. At the treaty's signing, certain Indigenous groups had not been colonized by Spain.^[13]

Administration

Unlike in Sulu and Maguindanao, Lanao's Sultanate system was decentralized. It consisted of Four Principalities, made up of various royal houses (Sopolo ago Nem a Panoroganan or The Sixteen Royal Houses) with defined territorial areas in Mindanao. This structure highlighted the shared power of ruling clans and values like unity (kaiisaisa o bangsa), patronage (kasesalai), and fraternity (kapapagaria).^[13]

Legal system

The Agama Court of the Lanao Sultanate in the Philippines is different from Sharī‘ah Courts in other countries. It combines customary laws and Islamic law to settle cases. The sultan and the datu run the court, with the sultan often appointing assistants like radia-muda and or a datu-kali or kali (judge).^[13]

Contemporary period

Although the sultanates as well as the royal houses still exists in Lanao, the 1935 Philippine Constitution prohibits granting title of nobility to a Filipino citizen. Hence, the sultanates of Lanao were unrecognized by the Philippine Commonwealth government and wield no political power. President of the Philippine Commonwealth, Manuel L.^[13]

Related: Poona Bayabao · Lanao del Sur · List of current indigenous Bangsamoro royal title holders

External references: ^[13][14][15]

Lanao del Sur's 1st congressional district

Lanao del Sur's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the province of Lanao del Sur that has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1987. It covers the eastern interior municipalities bordering the provinces of Bukidnon and Cotabato as well as those along the northern shores of Lake Lanao including its capital city, Marawi. The district is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Ziaur-Rahman A.^[16]

Related: Poona Bayabao · Lanao del Sur · List of current indigenous Bangsamoro royal title holders · 1st Bangsamoro Parliament

External references: ^[16][17][18]